Charles Darwin, born February 12 1809 in Shrewsbury, England, is one of history's most influential scientists, best known for his theory of evolution by natural selection. He studied medicine in Edinburgh and theology in Cambridge. In 1831, Darwin embarked on a five-year voyage around the world aboard the HMS Beagle. During this voyage, he collected specimens and made observations that would form the basis of his theories on evolution. The Galapagos Islands made a particular impression on Darwin, where he noted that finches varied from island to island, suggesting adaptation to the specific environments of each island.

Back in England, Darwin spent over twenty years developing and refining his ideas. Influenced by the work of Thomas Malthus, he developed his theory of natural selection, whereby favorable variations are preserved and passed on to the next generation, leading to the evolution of species. His ideas were published in 1859 in "The Origin of Species", revolutionizing biology and profoundly influencing modern science. He died on April 19, 1882 and was buried with honors in Westminster Abbey, a testament to the lasting impact of his scientific contributions.

Source :
https://www.biographyonline.net/scientists/charles-darwin.html
https://museovirtual.csic.es/salas/magnetismo/biografias/darwin.htm